Uthman ibn Affan( Arabic عُثْمَان بْن عَفَّان, romanized ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān;c. 573 or 576 – 17 June 656) was the third caliph, ruling from 644 until his assassination in 656. Uthman, a alternate kinsman, son- in- law, and notable companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, played a major part in early Islamic history. During his reign as caliph, he was known for ordering the sanctioned compendium of the standardized interpretation of the Quran that's still being used moment. Before his precursor, Caliph Umar(r. 634 – 644), failed in office, he appointed a commission of trustees to handpick a successor. Uthman, who was also progressed 68 – 71 times, was tagged to succeed him and came the oldest person to hold such a high position. During his premiership, the Caliphate expanded further into Persia in 650 and reached as far as the businesses of Khorasan in 651. Uthman introduced centralized reforms in order to produce a further cohesive executive structure and fostered rapid-fire profitable growth. still, the last times of his reign were marked by disgruntlement that ultimately evolved into an fortified rebellion, leading to a siege upon his hearthstone and eventually climaxing in his assassination. Sunni Muslim tradition considers him the third correctly- guided caliph. Family and early life See also Family tree of Uthman Uthman was born in the Hejaz. The exact date is disputed, both 573 and 576 are indicated.( 5) He was born to an rich family of the noble Umayyad clan.
His father, Affan ibn Abi al- As was of the Umayyad, and his mama , Arwa bint Kurayz was of the Abdshams, which were both important and fat clans in Mecca. Uthman had one family, Amina. Uthman is related to Muhammad through his mama , who was the first kinsman of Muhammad and made Uthman his first kinsman's son. His father failed at a youthful age while on a caravan trip, leaving Uthman with a large heritage. He brilliantly invested the wealth in trade and came a largely successful trafficker, making him one the flush people from the Quraysh.( 6) fellowship of Muhammad Conversion to Islam On returning from a business trip to Syria in 611, Uthman learned of Muhammad's declared charge. After a discussion with Abu Bakr, Uthman decided to convert to Islam, and Abu Bakr brought him to Muhammad to declare his faith. Uthman therefore came one of the foremost converts to Islam, following Ali, Zayd, Abu Bakr and a many others. His conversion to Islam infuriated his clan, the Banu Umayyah, who explosively opposed Muhammad's training.( 7)( runner demanded) He's listed as one of the twenty two Meccans at the dawn of Islam who knew how to write.( 8) Migration to Abyssinia Uthman and his woman
, Ruqayya, were among the third group of Muslims to resettle to Medina. Upon appearance, Uthman stayed with Abu Talha ibn Thabit before moving into the house he bought a short time latterly. Uthman was one of the richest merchandisers of Mecca, with no need of fiscal help from his Ansari sisters, as he'd brought the considerable fortune he'd amassed with him to Medina. utmost Muslims of Medina were growers with little interest in trade, and Jews had conducted most trading in the city
having been elder daughters of Muhammad and Khadija earned him the honorific title Dhū al- Nurayn(" The Possessor of Two Lights").( 13)( 14) Across the Muslim world, Uthman is known by his honorific title" Ghani" that translates to" exceedingly generous" which was bestowed upon him for his remarkable donations towards helping those in need and for the cause of Islam.
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